European regulators are tightening crypto tax reporting through the EU’s DAC8 framework, aligning with the OECD’s Crypto Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) and focusing enforcement on identifiable intermediaries like exchanges and custodians. For now, decentralized finance (DeFi) largely sits outside these reporting rules because protocols often lack a clear reporting entity, but that exclusion is fragile as authorities explore AML-style accountability.

France is weighing two contradictory crypto policies that signal a split vision in Paris: treating digital assets as taxable “unproductive” wealth while pursuing a strategic national Bitcoin reserve. A first-reading amendment in the French National Assembly rebrands the real-estate-focused wealth tax into a broader tax on “unproductive wealth,” explicitly including digital assets.